Flat Space Frame

Flat Space Frame: A Comprehensive Guide

A flat space frame (or space grid) is a lightweight, rigid, three-dimensional structural system composed of interconnected struts arranged in a flat, horizontal grid. Unlike domes or arches, flat space frames are used for large, column-free roofs and floors, distributing loads efficiently in multiple directions.


Key Features of Flat Space Frame Structures

1. Structural Composition

  • Interconnected Struts: Made of steel, aluminum, or composite materials.

  • Modular Units: Typically triangular, square, or hexagonal grids for stability.

  • Layered System:

    • Single-layer (simpler, for smaller spans)

    • Double-layer (most common, for large spans)

    • Triple-layer (for extreme loads)

2. Load Distribution

  • Multi-directional load transfer (unlike conventional beams).

  • Axial forces dominate (tension & compression), reducing bending stress.

  • High stiffness-to-weight ratio allows for long spans (up to 150m+).

3. Connection Types

  • Bolted nodes (e.g., Mero system) – Adjustable, easy assembly.

  • Welded nodes – Higher rigidity, used in permanent structures.

  • Precast connectors – For modular construction.


Advantages of Flat Space Frames

Large Spans Without Intermediate Columns – Ideal for airports, stadiums, and exhibition halls.
Lightweight & Material-Efficient – Uses 30-50% less steel than conventional beams.
Modular & Prefabricated – Fast assembly with standardized parts.
Flexible Design – Can support curved or sloping cladding.
High Strength & Durability – Resists dynamic loads (wind, seismic).


Applications

???? Stadiums & Arenas – Roofing over large spectator areas.
Airport Terminals – Long-span roofing (e.g., Denver International Airport).
???? Exhibition & Convention Centers – Open floor space for events.
???? Industrial Buildings – Factories, warehouses, aircraft hangars.
???? Pedestrian Bridges & Floor Systems – Lightweight yet strong.


Famous Examples

  1. Riyadh International Convention Center (Saudi Arabia) – One of the largest space frame roofs.

  2. Stansted Airport (UK) – Double-layer grid for terminal roofing.

  3. Georgia Dome (USA, demolished) – Used a flat space frame before retractable roofs became popular.


Comparison: Flat vs. Dome vs. Arch Space Frames

FeatureFlat Space FrameDome Space FrameArch Space Frame
ShapeFlat, horizontal gridSpherical/geodesicCurved (semi-circular/parabolic)
Load TransferMulti-directionalRadial & hoop forcesCompression along curve
Best ForLarge horizontal spans (roofs/floors)Circular enclosures (planetariums)Long-span curved roofs (stadiums, bridges)
Max Span100m–150m+100m–300m200m+

Conclusion

Flat space frames are a versatile, cost-effective solution for long-span roofing and flooring, offering strength, lightness, and architectural flexibility. They are widely used in modern construction where open, column-free spaces are required.


Specifications:
main steel frameH section steel beam and columns, painted or hot dip galvanizing, galvanized C section or steel pipe
Secondary frameHot dip galvanized C purlin, steel bracing , tie bar , knee brace , edge cover etc.
Roof panelSteel sheet, Alum-Zinc sheet , Alumnium sheet, EPS sandwich panel,glass fiber sandwich panel,rock wool sandwich panel,and PU sandwich panel etc.
Wall panelSandwich Panel or Corrugated Steel Sheet etc.
Tie RodCircular Steel Tube
BraceRound Bar
Knee BraceAngle Steel
Roof GutterColor Steel Sheet, Alum-zinc sheet, Gal. sheet, Stainless steel
Drawings & Quotation:
(1) Customized design is welcomed. We will quote for you promptly.
(2) In order to give you an exactly quotation and drawings, please let us know the length, width, eave height and local weather.
The above is for reference only,the specific required material components according to customer needs.


Product Parameters

Flat Space Frame: A Comprehensive Guide

A flat space frame (or space grid) is a lightweight, rigid, three-dimensional structural system composed of interconnected struts arranged in a flat, horizontal grid. Unlike domes or arches, flat space frames are used for large, column-free roofs and floors, distributing loads efficiently in multiple directions.


Key Features of Flat Space Frame Structures

1. Structural Composition

  • Interconnected Struts: Made of steel, aluminum, or composite materials.

  • Modular Units: Typically triangular, square, or hexagonal grids for stability.

  • Layered System:

    • Single-layer (simpler, for smaller spans)

    • Double-layer (most common, for large spans)

    • Triple-layer (for extreme loads)

2. Load Distribution

  • Multi-directional load transfer (unlike conventional beams).

  • Axial forces dominate (tension & compression), reducing bending stress.

  • High stiffness-to-weight ratio allows for long spans (up to 150m+).

3. Connection Types

  • Bolted nodes (e.g., Mero system) – Adjustable, easy assembly.

  • Welded nodes – Higher rigidity, used in permanent structures.

  • Precast connectors – For modular construction.


Advantages of Flat Space Frames

Large Spans Without Intermediate Columns – Ideal for airports, stadiums, and exhibition halls.
Lightweight & Material-Efficient – Uses 30-50% less steel than conventional beams.
Modular & Prefabricated – Fast assembly with standardized parts.
Flexible Design – Can support curved or sloping cladding.
High Strength & Durability – Resists dynamic loads (wind, seismic).


Applications

???? Stadiums & Arenas – Roofing over large spectator areas.
Airport Terminals – Long-span roofing (e.g., Denver International Airport).
???? Exhibition & Convention Centers – Open floor space for events.
???? Industrial Buildings – Factories, warehouses, aircraft hangars.
???? Pedestrian Bridges & Floor Systems – Lightweight yet strong.


Famous Examples

  1. Riyadh International Convention Center (Saudi Arabia) – One of the largest space frame roofs.

  2. Stansted Airport (UK) – Double-layer grid for terminal roofing.

  3. Georgia Dome (USA, demolished) – Used a flat space frame before retractable roofs became popular.


Comparison: Flat vs. Dome vs. Arch Space Frames

FeatureFlat Space FrameDome Space FrameArch Space Frame
ShapeFlat, horizontal gridSpherical/geodesicCurved (semi-circular/parabolic)
Load TransferMulti-directionalRadial & hoop forcesCompression along curve
Best ForLarge horizontal spans (roofs/floors)Circular enclosures (planetariums)Long-span curved roofs (stadiums, bridges)
Max Span100m–150m+100m–300m200m+

Conclusion

Flat space frames are a versatile, cost-effective solution for long-span roofing and flooring, offering strength, lightness, and architectural flexibility. They are widely used in modern construction where open, column-free spaces are required.


Specifications:
main steel frameH section steel beam and columns, painted or hot dip galvanizing, galvanized C section or steel pipe
Secondary frameHot dip galvanized C purlin, steel bracing , tie bar , knee brace , edge cover etc.
Roof panelSteel sheet, Alum-Zinc sheet , Alumnium sheet, EPS sandwich panel,glass fiber sandwich panel,rock wool sandwich panel,and PU sandwich panel etc.
Wall panelSandwich Panel or Corrugated Steel Sheet etc.
Tie RodCircular Steel Tube
BraceRound Bar
Knee BraceAngle Steel
Roof GutterColor Steel Sheet, Alum-zinc sheet, Gal. sheet, Stainless steel
Drawings & Quotation:
(1) Customized design is welcomed. We will quote for you promptly.
(2) In order to give you an exactly quotation and drawings, please let us know the length, width, eave height and local weather.
The above is for reference only,the specific required material components according to customer needs.


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FAQ

Q: How can I get a quote for my project?
A: You can contact me anytime, via WeChat, WhatsApp, Email, or phone. I will get back to you as soon as possible.
Email: jack@xingyasteel.com
Phone: +86 17305413116
WeChat: 17305413116
WhatsApp: +86 17305413116

Q: How long can I get the price?
A: If possible, please provide project CAD drawings, pictures or specific requirements. We usually quote within 6 hours. If you want to get a quote as soon as possible, please let us know via WeChat, WhatsApp or email so that we can prioritize your inquiry.

Q: Can we visit your factory?
A: Of course, we welcome you to visit our factory or production line on site to understand our strength and quality. We will arrange a professional team to serve you. You just need to send your itinerary and leave the rest to us.

Q: Do you provide customized product services?
A: Of course, our professional R&D team can design and produce the products you need according to your specifications and drawings. For example: special size, special control, OEM, etc.

Q: Where is the loading port?
A: Normally, we ship from Tianjin Port, Qingdao Port and Shanghai Port. Of course, we can also accept the port you specify.

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